Re: Carving lettering... *PICS*
William R. Duffield, on the Cohansey
>I've done a bit of incised letter carving. There are different styles, and different schools of thought. For incised letters, I find I don't need much more than V-groove tools (veiners) to do all of it. Although many texts show gouges, and even backbent gouges, sized to conform to the various radii of the letters you want to carve, I see no more reason for these than for changing quills or brushes in mid-stroke when you are writing with ink on paper.
I find 60� veiners most useful, but sometimes 30� and even 90� tools are handy. Most important is to select the size of the tool to match the depth of the letters you are carving. A tool that is too small means you need to make multiple passes to get clean surfaces. A tool that is too large is harder to control, but most important, the radius of the apex of the V is too large, resulting in blurred letter shapes. For clean-up, skew chisels, carving knives and scrapers are useful. The 30� veiner is most useful for carving serifs, like the sharp points on the bottom strokes of the "A".
Here is a "sampler," in the Apple Chancery font, of a couple of letters for a proposed nameboard, that I carved into a scrap of teak. All the tools shown in the picture are too small for the majority of the work on letters this large.

When I carve the nameboards that will be attached to the schooner, the A. J. Meerwald, NJ's official tall ship, they will be in a font that was more typical of the time and place the ship was built, more like the Copperplate font. I will use the same tools, just fewer curves.
The most important consideration is to use an angle that is smaller than the incised angle. After the initial defining cut, deepening and refining the curves of the walls must be done one wall at a time, in opposite directions, so that you don't cut against the grain. On the initial cut, or when you are increasing the depth of cut, there is not much chance of chipout, but when widening a stroke, paying very close attention to the direction of the grain is critical.
Here is a sample of the tools I use for lettering. I like the Pfeils (SwissMade >>--> ) best, but I make some modifications to the handles of the ones that get the most use. The Sorby tools shown have required significant modification to the bevels, and sometimes even more drastic reshaping, to effect a profile that enters and exits the stock intuitively. They also have to be rehoned more often.

This phot shows my latest acquistion, a larger 60� veiner that I purchased specifically to complete this project. For the price of a couple of these, you could be the proud owner of a L-V shoulder plane.
I also sometimes carve my name and place n the space-time continuum in original pieces I have designed and created. Here is an example in a timberframe truss. The only difference is the scale.

These examples are all in teak, Tectona grandis. I've also carved lettering, including monograms, in mahogany, walnut tuliptree, and linden, but I don't have any photographic examples right now.