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OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

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OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#1

OT:  How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

Don Stephan

The house my wife inherited, and which she wanted to rent, was built in 1950 and thus all 2 wire - i.e. no ground wires. Recommended professional electrical company said the electrical code allows using ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI's) to provide more protection than just 2 wire. Rewiring the house was not an option.

My understanding of a GFCI is that it continuously compares the electricity flowing through the hot wire to the GFCI with the electricity flowing to the neutral wire from the GFCI, and if there is even a slight difference the GFCI trips. Pressing the TEST button on the GFCI bleeds a slight amount of electricity coming through the hot wire to the ground wire, which should cause a working GFCI to trip.

My question is how does one test a GFCI installed on a two wire circuit? I pressed the TEST button on one of these GFCI's and as I expected nothing happened because there is not a ground wire.

The house is rental property, and I'm glad the GFCI's were installed on the two wire circuits. But I would feel better if the GFCI's could be tested every few months.

Re: OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#2

Re: OT:  How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

Bill Howatt

The lack of a ground for testing is a problem alright. Do you plan on doing the testing or having the renter do it? The latter would be a complication since my proposal sort of requires you having your wits about you. The renter isn't likely to do it anyway because I'll be virtually all people don't test their GFCIs even with the convenient test button available

I would, and there may be a better and safer way, is to make a non-metallic box with a 2 wire plug with only the hot connected. This assumes the hot side is wired properly on the receptacle or you have a non-polarized 2 plug that you can insert in either orientation.

Inside the box you would have connected to the hot wire a 18,000 ohm resistor which would give a leakage current of 6.7 ma at 120V. This should trip a regular GFCI but I've seen breakers rated at 10 ma which would mean a 12000 ohm resistor. The resistors should be 1 watt or more. It might be a good idea to use around the 10000 ohm value to ensure a trip if the voltage is a bit under 120V which it may well be. !0000 ohms would give a 12ma fault current at 120V. Granted this doesn't test the GFCI at possibly its most sensitive value but would eliminate false failure indications. The wattage should be 2 watts for 10000 ohms although since it is a momentary test the dissipation should not be a problem.

On the other end of the resistor, for some degree of safety, would be a normally-open pushbutton switch, and on the other side of the switch would be long wire with something like a crocodile clip for connecting to a ground such as a grounded water pipe, stove, dryer, .... . Pressing the push-button switch would then put the hot wire to ground through the resistor and long wire. NOTE: Pressing the switch would put 120V on the crocodile clip wire if it isn't well connected to ground and that is why this is method the requires you have your wits about you!!!

The long wire has to be able to reach a ground from any receptacle being tested. The biggest risk for shock is in the kitchen because of the availability of grounds that can be touched while touching a faulted appliance. Bathrooms and basements (washing machines, dryers, grounded cement floor). One of the worst shocks I got was from touching a live conductor while standing on the basement floor without shoes on!

Bill

Re: OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#3

Did you check to see...

Bill Howatt

if the electrical boxes might be grounded? I had an older house with 2-wire service to the receptacles and the ones in the kitchen had grounded boxes but no ground extending to the receptacle since there was no ground pin there anyway.

BIll

Re: OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#4

Better Solution for Ungrounded GFCI test

Bill Howatt

Don’t know why I didn’t think of this before but perhaps a solution is to mount the GFCI for each circuit in a box near the fuse/breaker panel which should be grounded. Each circuit can then be fed downstream from its GFCI for protection and there will be a ground on it for testing. Doesn’t put the Test function frequently in your face as a reminder but it is available.

Bill

Re: OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#5

Re: Better Solution for Ungrounded GFCI test

frank morgan

Why not use a GFCI circuit breaker? They make 'em...square D, Siemens, cutler hammer,etc. DAS on Amazon.

Re: OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#6

Re: Better Solution for Ungrounded GFCI test

Don Stephan

The electrical contractor said Code now requires all breakers, including replacements, be arc fault. In this case would have had to be combination arc fault and GFI. That was my preference. My wife inherited the house so my opinion counted little.

Re: OT: How to Test Ungrounded GFCI's?

#7

Re: Better Solution for Ungrounded GFCI test

Don Stephan

Excellent suggestion, and what I did a few years ago when I re-wired the basement. I didn't think of it and the electrical contractor didn't offer the idea.

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