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More on English drawers, the right date!

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More on English drawers, the right date!

#1

More on English drawers, the right date!

david charlesworth


>Dear Adam C,

Thought these might interest you.

At the beginning of the Walnut period.

"The grain direction of the bottom invariably ran from front to back---and since it was rigidly fixed in rebates in the drawer sides, it was bound to split owing to shrinkage".

Quote from English Period Furniture by Charles H. Hayward

"In most pieces made before 1730 the bottom board of the drawer shows the grain of the timber running from front to back; from about that date onwards the grain usually runs from side to side. In the space of the hundred years between about 1650 and 1750 dovetailing became progressively more delicate; this was not a sign of weakness, although certainly the drawer sides also became remarkably thin in the eighteenth century, but rather an indication of increasing refinement in craftsmanship".

Quote from The Story Of English Furniture by Bernard Price.

Hayward again;

"It is often found in these old secretaires that the fall front has split badly along its length, and this is due to the construction. The groundwork was clamped, that is, the grain of the main panel ran horizontally, and at the ends were clamps, the grain of which ran from top to bottom. A certain amount of shrinkage was inevitable, and as the clamps were glued on the panel had to split. Any blemish of this kind inevitably shows through the veneer, with the result that this also splits. It was the early days of veneering and the craftsmen had yet to experience the difficulties that the process entailed."

One will often find very dubious constructional methods in old furniture. I am not convinced that wood movement was particularly well understood and furniture was not subjected to modern day extremes of humidity variation. That's my theory and I'm sticking to it!

best wishes,

David Charlesworth

Re: More on English drawers, the right date!

#2

Re: thanks

Adam Cherubini


>Thanks DC for following up on that.

Its pretty clear 18th c construction methods varied from haphazard to pretty well thought out. I would only venture to say where it appears their construction really sucked, a closer inspection reveals more thoughtfulness, more ingenuity etc.

I've always focused on the crude aspect of periood furniture- (perhaps because its easier or because no one else does), but I have admittedly had some difficulty finding evidence of crude in 18th c philadelphia pieces! Tidewater Virginia pieces with their stacked glue blocks or the Newport framed sub base clearly indicate a level of solid wood construction sophistication that has been overlooked by some.

Not in any way to cast dispersions, but I wonder if either of the two authors you quoted were familair with either of these elements. Did Hayward stop to inspect that center panel to notice it was carefully chosen quartersawn lumber? Could he identify when the crack happened? Did the piece survive 100 years before it cracked?

Everyone is enitled to their opinions and I'm not in any way suggesting that I disagree with yours except to say:- there is enough evidence of sophisticated construction techniques in 18th c furniture making to deserve our careful consideration. Species, grain orientation, fasteners, glue systems, all conspire to effect the validity of their joinery. One can't simply look at a nailed on drawer runner or cracked carcass side and safely proclaim their inferiority or ignorance.

Adam

Re: More on English drawers, the right date!

#3

lots of cracked bottoms

bill tindall


>This shop I was in had two dozen or more chests of drawers made in England. They were mahogany or walnut and otherwise well made. But the drawer bottoms on many were split either becase the grain ran the wrong way or it ran the right way but the bottom was locked in place (with glue?).

It is had to defend the wisdom of this construction whether it stemed from ignorance or what ever. Maybe before this time they used baltic birch bottoms and didn't need to worry about shrinking until they started using poplar. Revernge of the former colonies.

Re: More on English drawers, the right date!

#4

modern indoor climate and furniture destruction

bill tindall


>"was not subjected to modern day extremes of humidity variation. "

I have heard many times that it is modern indoor climates that destroyed furniture. Help me understand the justification for this statement? Now I know nothing about England but I can tell you plenty about the frozen north of the US. Before the invention of air conditioning summer indoor humidity was the same as summer outdoor humidity, maybe as high as 80%. In the winter the humidity outside is near 0, and inside it is 0. In the winter we would hang a soaked beach towel in the barely heated bed room and in the morning it would be dried to a crisp. I can't see that whether the room was heated with a fire place or wood stove or central furnace that the indoor humidity would be any different, all 0. An then there would be the issue of radient heating from a fire place. So long as a piece was not set over a register. or by the fireplace, I don't see that the humidity extremes were any different in 1700, or 1950, with 2006 extremes being greatly less.

The humidity in my current house stays between 55% summer and 40% winter. My 12" wide test pieces of lumber don't move as much as 1/16" across their width summer to winter and I have followed them for 3 years. The furniture should likewise be stable.

Re: More on English drawers, the right date!

#5

Re: modern indoor climate and furniture destructio

david charlesworth


>Both authors were immensley knowledgable and experienced.

They (and I) refer only to English furniture. England is a small island with no part far from the sea, we do not have the continental climate extremes which the USA has.

Much antique furniture fares very badly in a modern, dry overheated environment, with extremely low relative humidity, but it was not built with these conditions in mind.

This question of changing, more sophisticated and improved technique, is very interesting. I certainly do not have the answers and did not wish to demean the craftsmanship of the past. The ingenuity of some old methods is astounding. However stuff which served perfectly well then, does not necessarily serve today.

best wishes,

David Charlesworth

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