If you’re looking for materials and inspiration for your next project, come by my first workshop in Port Moody to check out the inventory and discuss ideas.

Choose from live edge hardwood slabs custom milled and carefully air dried to yield the best quality wood at better prices than anywhere else.

Wood Sale Open House:

Thursday August 3: 12pm – 8pm
Friday August 4: 12pm – 8pm
Saturday August 5: 9am-3pm

1114 Barberry Place, Port Moody, BC

Make an Appointment July 24-28

Can’t attend the Wood Sale Open House? Call, text or email to set up an appointment the week before.

I built four Krenov-style sawhorses about ten years ago and they have served me well. I made them from softwood lumber (pine, I think) using through mortise and tenon joinery. I wedged the tenons of the stretcher, but elected not to reinforce the leg-to-foot joints.

Recently, on a couple of the horses, those leg-to-foot joints failed and as a result, the horses wobbled. Still, the large shoulder of the tenon provided enough support that they would bear weight fine, and the friction between the components was enough to keep the feet from falling off when lifted. However, if lateral forces were applied (e.g. planing), the sawhorse would rack.

To fix them, I first knocked off the feet with a mallet. Examining the joint, I could see that the glue had held and the wood failed. To reattach the foot, I decided to use more wood glue and a draw bored pin for reinforcement (this is a wooden pin right through the joint in slightly offset holes so that the parts are mechanically held tightly).

After marking a suitable location for the peg, ensuring that there was adequate material on all sides of both the mortise and tenon, I drilled right through the foot (which was mortised) with a 1/4 inch brad point drill bit.

To mark the location of the slightly-offset hole on the tenon, I installed the foot on the end of the leg and used a slightly-smaller (7/32 inch) transfer punch held tightly towards the top of the mortise and gave it a tap to mark the centre of the next hole.

I drilled a 1/4 inch hole on this mark and assembled the joint with more wood glue. For the drawbore peg, riven oak dowel is traditional, but I elected to use a simple, ready-made 1/4 inch fluted joiner dowel with pre-chamfered ends. I seated the dowel with a few swings from a steel hammer.

This repair was simple and quick, requiring only a handful of tools and about ten minutes to repair four joints. I used:

• Mallet
• Combination square
• Pencil
• Drill press
• 1/4 inch brad point bit
• 7/32 inch transfer punch
• Wood glue
• 1/4 inch fluted joinery dowels
• Steel hammer

I know many others like to over-build everything, and there are merits to that approach. However, by slightly under-building, we get the opportunity to learn the limits and failure points of the design and processes we use. How else can we learn these valuable insights?

I have a carefully-chosen group of manual hand tools that lives in a MFT Systainer toolbox that covers my particular needs for the majority of general tasks. It is always with me whether I’m working in the shop, on site, or around the house.

Every once in a while, I vacuum out all the wood chips and sawdust and review the contents of my Hand Tools kit, making adjustments to increase its utility. Over the holidays, I did just that. Here they are in storage.

Here are the same tools unpacked for examination. Many of the tools can be easily identified, but I will name each one and briefly describe its use to me.

1. Tug-N-Back pencil holder – for jobs involving walking around a lot, this ensures that a pencil is always within reach, saving a lot of time looking for it. There is a steel clip on the back that I usually clip to the front collar of my shirt under my chin. It works like a retractable power cord – pull and release to extend, pull and release to retract;
2. Awl – used mostly for marking hole locations and starting screws. Occasionally it’s used to scribe a line, mostly on non-wood surfaces;
3. Simple Scribe with pencil – this pencil holder with multiple offsets allows parallel lines to be drawn quickly and consistently. While it doesn’t get a ton of use, it doesn’t take up much space either;
4. Standard Sharpie permanent marker – great for labelling the backside or underside of components that will be installed, writing on plastic parts bags and more;
5. Church key – for opening cans of paint and occasionally as a slim, light-duty pry bar;
6. Pair of TSO DoubleGroove Small Bench Dogs – these fit into the holes in the lid of the MFT Systainer and help immobilize workpieces on the lid of the toolbox;
7. Four-inch brass caliper – this caliper is large and accurate enough for sizing parts and hardware, but small and rugged enough to toss it in the toolbox without a bulky case. This one is easier to read than the all-brass versions commonly available;
8. Ten-foot x 1/2 inch tape measure – this tape fits well in the toolbox and is long enough for most measuring tasks. My favourite 10 foot tape measure is a Stanley Leverlock, but I only have two of those that live in the shop at the bench and table saw where they are used constantly;
9. High-leverage flush-cut side cutters – useful for cutting staples, nails, plastic, and more;
10. Ten-inch Knipex Pliers Wrench – an amazing tool, its lower sliding jaw remains parallel to the fixed jaw, and the spring-loaded button allows the maximum tool opening to be set up to 2 inches. The tool is incredibly fast and easy to operate;
11. Eight-inch ViseGrip adjustable pliers – unlike some adjustable pliers, these adjust with a press of the spring loaded button, so they only adjust when you want. Unlike the Knipex Pliers Wrench, the lower jaw pivots and the jaws are serrated, so they don’t have as delicate of a touch;
12. Twelve-in-1 tool – a handy tool consisting of two 6 inch rules held together with a threaded fastener. The most useful functions are: rule, T-square, marking gauge, bevel gauge, angle transfer tool and depth gauge;
13. Eight-inch cat’s paw – a compact and sturdy pry bar with a thin, wide pry surface at one end that is great for lifting and prying. The other end features a nail puller and flat surface for driving nails;
14. Fine tip Sharpie permanent marker – useful for making layout lines and labelling parts on their backside for orientation or location;
15. HB pencil – useful for fine general marking;
16. Carpenter’s pencil – useful for coarse general marking with less risk of breaking the lead and less frequent need for sharpening than a regular pencil;
17. Carpenter’s pencil – a second one that lives in the Tug-N-Back pencil holder;
18. Spear point marking knife – this one was made from an old chisel. The long blade allows use in almost any situation. (Some may say that using a marking knife in renovations is unnecessary, but then so are air nailers.);
19. Snap-off utility knife – a cheap, lightweight plastic-handled knife for general cutting and scoring tasks, and sharpening carpenter’s pencils;
20. Pocket level – ideal for levelling tasks that don’t warrant a larger level and does the job way better than a smartphone. The metric scale is a useful bonus, too. The back is blank… I guess I should find something to make use of that real estate.
21. Pointed nail set – useful for setting finishing nails;
22. Concave nail set – useful for setting pins and brads, and starting removal of door hinge pins;
23. Irwin Blue Chip 3/4 inch chisel – handy for trimming, chopping, and other chisel work. Not ever used as a pry;
24. Ten ounce claw hammer – a recent addition on a trial basis, it may be used for driving and pulling nails, physical adjustments, and closing paint cans with a scrap of wood to distribute the force of the blow;
25. Compact ratcheting screwdriver – useful for applying loads of torque, but mostly for getting into tight spaces;
26. Autoloader multi-bit screwdriver – this multi-bit screwdriver uses standard 1/4 inch x 1 inch screwdriver bits that also work well with the other screwdriving accessories in this kit;
27. Veritas Screw Lifter – handy for applying steady upwards pressure when removing the odd screw from a stripped hole;
28. Pencil sharpener – useful for sharpening pencils and chamfering small dowels;
29. Stanley low angle block plane – indispensible for trimming and chamfering edges;
30. Silky Woodboy folding saw – ideal for making fast and clean crosscuts in wood, as well as plastics and other soft materials. The blade is taper ground, so clearance can be had without any set on the teeth, allowing it to be used flat against any surface without causing scratches;
31. Tilting bit holder – used in conjunction with the Autoloader screwdriver or a cordless drill, this accessory allows screws to be driven adjacent to an obstruction such as a wall; and
32. Slim saw – made from an old hacksaw blade with good working teeth at one end and the rest of the teeth removed, this slim saw gets into spaces no other saw can.

How many of these tools are in your toolkit? Are any of these on your wishlist?

An experiment to see how quickly a wooden cutting board is rendered unusable

I made this cutting board and designed it to fail, but it didn’t fail as I expected! Here are the “bad decisions” that I made in an attempt to accelerate the failure of the cutting board.

Low density wood

I used butternut, which is a hardwood on the softer end of the spectrum. Butternut has a specific gravity of 0.43 which is about 40% lighter than hardwoods typically used for cutting boards such as beech (0.72) and hard maple (0.71). Harder woods will surely stand up to knives better than softer woods, right?

Carved letters to trap food and make it hard to clean

Wooden objects don’t do well in the dishwasher, so can’t be sanitized with heat like other dishes. I routed letters into the working surface on each side at the top with a router. Would small bits of food get lodged in the letters, making cleaning difficult or impractical?

Include a split and broken section, and sapwood

As a bolder experiment, and part of my relentless push to fail, I elected to not cut off the end where some of the wood fibres has split off, and a crack was showing in the end grain. It was an obvious place for bacteria to collect and mould to grow, but I wanted to know how quickly that would happen. Sapwood is the typically lighter band of wood that is located at the outside of the tree is generally considered less durable and is usually less dense as well. In traditional woodworking, sapwood is considered a defect. In this cutting board, sapwood comprises the top quarter.

Used a piece of wood prone to warpage

For stability, quartersawn wood where the growth rings run near vertical when you look at the end grain is unquestionably the best. Quartersawn wood is less likely to cup, twist, or warp. Rift sawn wood is the next best with growth rings around 45 degrees, and flat sawn lumber with growth rings running more or less horizontally is generally the least stable and most likely to warp. I used a single piece of wood quartersawn at the top, rift sawn at the middle, and flat sawn at the bottom.

No special care instructions or treatment for this cutting board

I threw the cutting boards into the cutting board drawer of our kitchen right alongside the plastic and wood composite ones with no instructions to my wife or kids on how to use or not use them. (They have, however, been educated that wood never goes in the dishwasher.)

Time to conclude the experiment

Today, after two years of regular use, I decided to retire the cutting board. It was used for bread, produce, raw and cooked meat on a daily basis with straight and serrated knives. The actual cutting surfaces are in pretty good condition. There are obvious knife marks, but they look like scratches as if somebody took a pointed wooden stick and dragged it across the board. (All pictures here were taken today.) The cutting board is also remarkably flat. It doesn’t rock at all on my countertops.

The lettering looks quite good – food didn’t collect in there, escaping cleaning as I thought it might. We washed the cutting board with hot soapy water and a cloth, giving it no more of a scrub than a plate. I don’t recall ever using a dish brush to scrub food out of the letters. Looking closely, the letters look a bit fuzzy on the end grain walls which might be due to repeated wet/dry cycles during washes. Perhaps someday I will try a bolder experiment with lettering right through the middle section of the cutting board that gets the most use.

But the real surprise is that the broken grain and crack in the end grain appears fine – there is no darkening or discolouration visible! Ultimately, I chose to retire the cutting board because other areas of the end grain were showing discolouration. I could have, and perhaps should have, replaced them as soon as I noticed the discolouration, but it wasn’t until today that I got around to finishing the replacements.

The new cutting boards are made of black locust (0.77 specific gravity), and laminated from 6 pieces. Let’s see how these hold up! If my attempt at failure lasted for 2 years, I’m guessing these will last a lot longer!

There is a product for sale I am thinking about that seems rather expensive for what it is. However, I cannot knock the design or quality (although I do wish for one modification!) It is simple in design, and neither tight tolerances nor a high degree of precision are required. The basic process of making it seems quite simple too, not requiring a lot of steps.

Naturally, I began to wonder how I would go about making it myself. What materials would I use? What process would I use? What challenges might I face, and how could I overcome them?

I began to price out materials and put a bit of thought into how long it would take me, including all the testing, figuring, and corrections and adjustments along the way. It began to be very clear that if I were paying myself wages, it would certainly be cheaper to just buy the product (but material cost, barring an unexpected number of mistakes, would be less).

This realization got me thinking that maybe I should just buy the product and start using it right away and invest the time I would spend making my own doing work to pay for the product (and then some). Makes sense, right?

But the problem with doing this is that I would miss out on the experience and knowledge I would gain from making it myself. There is a lot to be learned from making something from scratch, and even more benefit if the process can be shared with others first hand.

Every product is priced to attract a certain buyer, but don’t forget that buying a product has a greater cost than just the money you trade for it – the knowledge not gained from learning to make it yourself.

Much of my education in woodworking has been from what I describe as the relentless push to fail. That is, coming up with an objective that pushes the limits of what I can do, what I feel is possible, or what is possible. I came up with the objective to tie a knot in a piece of wood about ten years ago and I now feel that I have succeeded.

September 2016

My first attempt was in September 2016. My wife and I were at home anticipating an imminent trip to the hospital for the birth of our first son, and were just trying to stay busy while not starting any projects that could not be completed or abandoned in a few minutes.

Much of my education in woodworking has been from what I describe as the relentless push to fail. That is, coming up with an objective that pushes the limits of what I can do, what I feel is possible, or what is possible. I came up with the objective to tie a knot in a piece of wood about ten years ago and I now feel that I have succeeded.

September 2016

My first attempt was in September 2016. My wife and I were at home anticipating an imminent trip to the hospital for the birth of our first son, and were just trying to stay busy while not starting any projects that could not be completed or abandoned in a few minutes.

I picked through some air-dried ash for the straightest grain and ripped a handful of 1/4″ square strips. I cut them 10 inches long and proceeded to steam them in the kitchen using a large frying pan and sheet pan on the stovetop. Using my hands, I carefully began to bend the wood into a loop before coaxing one end through the loop. When the wood became too dry or cool, I returned it to the pan to steam more before squeezing the knot tighter.

There were certainly some failures where many of the wood fibres broke before bending enough to form into even a loose knot. There were a few moderate, encouraging successes, where I was able to form a knot about 2″ diameter with some fibre breakage.

May 2018

The next time I attempted a knot was before the birth of my second son. This time, I was armed with a compression bending jig to help bend the wood, made from a few scraps and an old hacksaw blade. The ideas is that the flexible metal compression strap (hacksaw blade) and attached stops keep the outside of the wood from expanding and splitting as the wood is forced around a form. In fact, since the length of the wood is matched to the space between the stops, the wood is not only held in compression during the bend, but compressed in length!

For a form, I used a piece of 6″ wide plywood with a 3″ radius cut at one end. Again, I cut and steamed my 1/4″ square air-dried ash strips, then quickly moved them, one at a time, to the bending jig and pulled the wood around the corner. I rotated the wood 180 degrees and bent it again, then turned it 90 and 180 degrees to bend it the other two directions. Some say that steaming and bending wood in all four directions effectively destroys the lignin bonds, allowing wood to be manipulated with extreme bends and even twists.

After using the compression jig to bend each piece of wood all four directions, they went back in the pan to steam before attempting to form them into knots by hand. There were still some failures where too many wood fibres broke, but I got two knots down to 1-1/2″ diameter with a medium amount of fibre breakage, and 1-1/4″ diameter with considerable fibre breakage. Despite the fibre breakage, I felt these two examples were indicative of significant progress.

July 2022

Last month, armed with some new and modified techniques, I once again prepped to attempt tying knots. For materials, I chose straight-grained air-dried black locust (I had some 5/4 scraps lying around the shop, but no ash). Instead of sawing blanks, I instead used a hatchet to split out some pieces about 1/2″ square, then ripped them to about 1/4″ with the bandsaw and finished planing them to 0.2″ with a hand plane with depth skids attached.

I reworked my compression bending jig by reducing the radius of the form from 3″ to about 1-1/2″ and positioning the end of the compression strap 0.2″ from the form. Due to the length of the strap compared to the radius of the form, the compression strap needed to make a 270 degree corner and a smaller radius would have required some sort of helical bend of which I was reluctant to try. (I also built a linear compression jig to compress the wood in a straight line by about 3/4″ using a screw press, but the method ended up being too slow and impractical to use so I abandoned it).

This time I pre-soaked the wood to ensure the wood was well saturated. The wood was put in a pan filled with water and soaked for about 1-3 weeks as I made attempts on three separate occasions for this round. The actual streaming was a two-step procedure this time. I first steamed the blanks in my largest fry pan with a sheet pan for a lid for about 15 minutes before bending each in the compression bending jig all four directions, one at a time.

Then I fit the bent wood into a smaller pan with a proper-fitting lid to better control the steam and let it steam for another 15 minutes. I used my hands to form loose knots, returned then to the pan for 15 minutes, then proceeded to tighten the knots. I used a small wooden handscrew clamp to tighten some knots and hold them in position while they cooled.

Again, I had a few catastrophic bending failures where over half of the wood fibres broke. But yesterday I also had one very good result with a 7/8” diameter body that makes me comfortable saying that I’ve achieved my objective.

Here’s what I learned from tying knots in wood:

• Split wood is a must. If you don’t split it before, it will certainly split during extreme bends. Even my split wood split more during bends.
• For a knot of this scale, 1/4” square stock is huge and square doesn’t really make sense. My best knot was formed from a piece of quartersawn black locust about 3/32” thick and 0.2” wide.
• The bending jig with compression strap was a great asset. Using a radius as tight as possible further helped. I could have improved the jig by adding an adjustment for one of the stops so a piece of wood already bent and compressed by about 0.18” could be bent and compressed further.
• Wood bends best when wet and hot. Some of my steaming setups allowed too much steam to escape and when I took out a piece of wood, it wasn’t very hot or wet. A tight-fitting lid on the pan helped.

Our daughter was born last Wednesday. We have no plans for any more children and I have no desire to advance my knot tying skills in wood any further.

I’ve written many interesting articles for Canadian Woodworking & Home Improvement Magazine over the past 12 years, but this idea presented to me by editor Rob Brown was one of the most intriguing and challenging. The premise was simple: you’re interested in doing woodwork, but lack tools beyond the absolute basics like hammer, screwdriver, tape measure and pencil. You have a limited budget, so what do you buy?

I had fun doing some online shopping, scouting out the tools that I felt delivered versatility and capability while keeping to the budget. I also looked for tools that you could grow with – ones that wouldn’t soon be replaced as soon as the budget allowed.

Look for the article in the June/July 2022 issue of Canadian Woodworking & Home Improvement, or read it online here.

I spend a good deal of time organizing things and processes to facilitate efficiency. This may come in the form of organizing tools in a drawer where I can find them, building or modifying a tool, or designing and speed testing a process. Sometimes, the amount of time that I invest in creating this organization is greater than the time savings I will ever yield, but it is still worth it to me. This is because organization leads to efficiency, which in turn allows a more streamlined, automatic process, and that reduces the amount of thought required to complete the task. This ultimately means that I need to redirect less of my attention and thought and whatever I’m working on is more likely to continue with that distraction, and be completed sooner since less time is required.

Here are some specific examples of things that I do in the shop to allow my work to progress with less disruption to my thought process, so I can continue to keep my mind more on the big picture and less on the little tasks.

Keep tools at hand. There are certain tools that I use frequently in certain places. These include a tape measure, steel rule, and pencil. I keep them in specific places at the workbench, bandsaw and tablesaw so that I can pick them up almost without looking.

Reduce time spent doing peripheral tasks. It’s inevitable that a project will require tasks not directly related to it, such as sharpening a chisel. To ensure I get back to the project quickly so as to not lose focus and forget my place, I optimize the process for speed without sacrificing results. I prefer easy-to-sharpen tool steels such as O1, and use a diamond stone and strop which don’t require water (an extra step if not already set up, and more mess). When sharpening takes less than a minute (sometimes, I don’t even bother taking the sharpening equipment out of the drawer – I just use it in place!) and almost no thought, I can keep thinking about my project.

Organize the shop. When organized, I can find anything I need quickly and the most-used things are most accessible. The most used things are in neatly-organized drawers that don’t require rummaging, or at the front of shelves that I can reach. Less frequently-used items are at the back of shelves, on higher shelves that I need a ladder to reach, or in boxes tucked out of the way.

Keep it tidy. Although I don’t like to interrupt my work to clean up, I do make an effort to put things away and clean up when I am not in the middle of working. Sometimes that means putting away tools on the bench after a work session, or coming into the shop for a few minutes and dealing the scraps of wood on the floor.

When woodworkers think about the scroll saw, they often think of a tool that cuts slowly and is perhaps the power saw with which one is least likely to cut themselves. And, compared to stationary tools like the table saw, bandsaw, and mitre saw, I feel that it is an accurate description Perhaps a hand-held power saw like a jigsaw is safer to use, as the user’s hands are usually on the tool a fixed distance away from the blade at a safe distance.

But that’s not to say scroll saw work is not without risk. On a scroll saw, the delicate nature of the work that makes the scroll saw the best choice usually puts the user’s hands very near the blade – zero to six inches away, let’s say. This largely depends on the length and width of the workpiece, as well as the stiffness since flexible pieces may require support closer to the blade to prevent it from lifting which could cause bending or breakage to the workpiece and/or blade.

The other risk inherent with the scroll saw is the high amount of manual skills and focus required to manoeuvre the material through the blade. The only sort of guide a scroll saw affords is a table, to help ensure one angle of the cut is constant (unlike a hand-held coping saw or fret saw where all accuracy of the cut is up to the user). As with a bandsaw, great care must be taken guiding the workpiece along the desired cut line. However, due to the small, delicate nature of most scroll-sawn parts, a small over-cut or deviation from the cutline of 1/8 inch (or less) can be the difference between success and failure of the part.

Working at this scale requires good lighting, steady hands, patience, and blade selection and setup is key. When cutting my 3D jigsaw puzzles (whose pieces are typically 1 x 1 x 3/8 inch), I often find myself looking very closely at the cutline as I guide the wood through the blade and think to myself that I’m probably more likely to get hurt by being struck by the top of the upper blade clamping assembly (which goes up and down with the blade) than I am getting cut by the blade itself.

If you’ve never looked at scroll saw blades, you might be surprised at how small they are – at a casual glance, many look like a piece of wire. The tooth direction of some of the finest blades is difficult to determine visually and the best way is to lightly run your finger along them to feel in which direction they catch. Narrower blades cut tighter corners but are more fragile and liable to break (which isn’t a scary or dangerous thing, in my opinion – just a nuisance having to replace the blade). Finer teeth make cleaner, smoother cuts, but if the gullets in front of the teeth are not large enough to clear the sawdust, heat build-up and burning of the workpiece can occur. Blades with finer teeth also cut more slowly in material of a given thickness. This means more time to make the same cut, and, more importantly to me, affords more control and less chance of cutting too far. Over-cutting (that is, cutting off a detail or making a part too weak) is the greatest risk I face when cutting my puzzles.

I must choose a blade that cuts cleanly without burning, while permitting sufficient control through the intricate cuts. The decision is made more complicated with the varying thickness of cuts in a typical 3D jigsaw puzzle. Effective material thicknesses that the blade passes through may range from 1/8 to over 1 inch. As with most decisions there is a compromise to be made. I can either change blades with every material thickness, select a blade on the finer side and hope for no burning, coarser side and rely on my skill and dexterity, or right in the middle and hope for no burning and rely on my skill.

Anyways, I’ve been busy restocking my supply of 18-Piece Puzzles since I sold my last one last week. You can order yours here.

Four months ago, we moved to Campbell River, BC on Vancouver Island and I set up shop in the 2-car garage. I was surprised to discover that it was harder to fit everything into two-thirds of this two-car garage than it was in the old 1-car garage. This, I realized, was mostly due to the fact that I was short one wall for hanging things and that the garage was shorter in length.

The shop is organized in a workable manner, but there is still much room for improvement.

Facing north:

Facing east:

Facing south:

Facing west: